Archive for the ‘Skin Care’ Category

The Beauty of Botox - Effect on Wrinkles (part 2)

Sunday, July 12th, 2009
Kenji Matsuhara recently asked:


Which wrinkles and lines bother you the most? Are these lines and wrinkles the type that are best eliminated using Botox?

If you choose to eliminate only the wrinkles that can be treated with Botox, will any of the remaining ones still leave you unsatisfied with your appearance? For example, if you want both your frown lines and marionette lines removed, you will likely need a different cosmetic procedure to have the marionette lines eliminated.

It should point out that Botox injections work best on crow’s-feet (wrinkles radiating from the outside corners of the eyes), worry lines (horizontal forehead lines), and frown lines (vertical lines, also called glabellar lines, that appear be­tween the eyebrows). These are wrinkles that are typically caused by chronic contractions of the muscles under or adjacent to these areas of the face. Laughing, smiling, frowning, and squinting are some of the common ****** expressions that can cause these lines. If you have lines and wrinkles on other parts of your face that concern you, you may need other types of cosmetic procedures to eliminate them. With that in mind, consider these questions:

Which wrinkles and lines bother you the most? Are these lines and wrinkles the type that are best eliminated using Botox?

The followings are the types of lines and wrinkles:

From the top of your face down, bothersome ****** wrinkles have the following names and locations. Notice that Botox is not the best choice for all types of wrinkles and lines.

Forehead lines: horizontal lines, often called worry lines. These lines form mainly because the underlying frontalis muscle, which stretches across the forehead, moves when you make ****** expressions. When you lift your browsometimes referred to as the “aha” or surprised lookthe muscle contracts, which causes the skin that is covering the muscle to pull, wrinkle, and then return to its original position when you relax the muscle. Now consider the countless number of times you’ve used these muscles. As you age, your skin be­gins to lose its elasticity, it suffers from sun damage, and the constant contracting and relaxing of the muscle results in forehead lines. These can be eliminated using Botox or filler injections such as collagen or fat.

Frown lines: vertical lines, also known as glabellar lines, that appear between the eyebrows. These linescan make you appear serious, angry, or stressed even when you’re not. It is for the removal of these lines that the Food and Drug Administration gave approval for Botox in April 2002. These lines are best removed with Botox. If you’ve frowned a lot over the years and the lines are very deeply etched, you may also need wrinkle fillers (e.g., collagen, fat) to eliminate these lines. Your doctor will discuss your options with you.

Crow’s-feet: lines that radiate from the outside corners of the eyes. They’re also known as periorbital lines. If you have these lines, they’re most likely the result of smiling and squinting. If you look in the mirror ands mile or squint, notice how your muscles contract and cause your eyelids to nearly cover your eyes and how the muscles contract at the corners of your eyes where the lines appear. Crow’s-feet are best eliminated with Botox, plus adjunctive treatment such as collagen, chemical peels, or laser resurfacing.

Laugh lines: also known as smile lines or nasolabial lines, they are the two vertical lines that run from the outside corners of the nose down to the top of the outside of the upper lip. Even though they are called laugh lines, gravity and aging are also factors in their development. They can best be eliminated using wrinkle fillers (e.g., collagen, fat, AlloDerm, Cymetra, Gore-Tex, or SoftForm).

Lipstick or smoker’s lines: the tiny radiating lines that appear above the upper lip and below the lower one. It seems as though everyone has a different name for these annoying wrinkles, which are best removed using laser resurfacing, chemical peel, microdermabrasion, or wrinkle fillers tissue augmentation (e.g., collagen in­jections, AlloDerm, fat)in addition to Botox.

Marionette lines: the often deep lines that run down from the outside corners of the mouth toward the chin. These lines develop from a combination of factors, including gravity (the cheeks tend to sag from the force of gravity) and thinning of the supporting tissue that comes with age. These wrinkles are best eliminated using wrinkle fillers or laser resurfacing. Another option is a face-lift, a complex surgical procedure.

If you’ll still be bothered by the remaining lines and wrinkles, are you willing to have other cosmetic procedures done to correct them? Naturally, you will need to discuss all your options and prices with your doctor, but you should be aware that other procedures may be needed for you to get the look you desire. You also should know that while Botox injections don’t involve any recovery time, some other cosmetic procedures do.





Botox® (botox® Cosmetic) Wrinkle Free Solutions

Tuesday, June 2nd, 2009
Dr HariMuralidharan recently asked:


BOTOX®     (BOTOX® COSMETIC) Wrinkle free Solutions

Dr. Hari Muraleedharan Msc,PhD,MA

Microbiologist

                                It is the hottest craze. With one minute injection, within minutes your face can be youthful, devoid of any unsightly wrinkles. BOTOX® clinics are popping up all over the country, helping clients venture back a few years into their past. A hub for beauty, unblemished skin, and eternal youth. Now a day’s most of the senior film stars were using BOTOX® to keep their porcelain skin wrinkle free. Although BOTOX® has been used for other conditions in the past such as neck spasms, cranial nerve disorders and eye spasms, when the FDA finally approved BOTOX® to be used to treat wrinkles, the popularity of the toxin rose tremendously.

                  BOTOX® is currently the only form of botulisum toxin approved for such cosmetic purposes. It is a nonsurgical, physician-administered treatment that can temporarily reduce moderate to severe frown lines between the brows in patients 18 to 65 years of age. It is a mixture of several protoplasmic proteins that are released from cells after autolysis. BOTOX® is the brand name for a special formulation of botulinum toxin A manufactured by Allergan Inc., of Irvine, CA, U.S.A.,. BOTOX® is used to generate lines or wrinkles between the eyebrows look better. Initially, the toxin was used for eye muscle problems.

What is BOTOX® COSMETIC?

BOTOX® COSMETIC (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex is a sterile, vacuum-dried purified botulinum toxin type A, produced from fermentation of Hall strain Clostridium botulinum type A grown in a medium containing casein hydrolysate, glucose and yeast extract. It is purified from the culture solution by dialysis and a series of acid precipitations to a complex consisting of the neurotoxin, and several accessory proteins. The complex is dissolved in sterile sodium chloride solution containing albumin human and is sterile filtered (0.2 microns) prior to filling and vacuum-drying. The specific activity of BOTOX® COSMETIC is approximately 20 units/nanogram of neurotoxin protein complex. Each vial of BOTOX® COSMETIC contains 100 units (U) of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex, 0.5 milligrams of albumin (human), and 0.9 milligrams of sodium chloride in a sterile, vacuum-dried form without a preservative.

How was this found?

                         United States Food and Drug Aadmistration (FDA) approved BOTOX® over 10 years ago to treat certain problems with the eye muscle. Doctors observed that some wrinkles around the eyes looked better, too. The company that makes BOTOX® tested it. They showed the FDA that BOTOX® worked and was safe for treating some kinds of wrinkles. The lines that appear between your brows actually result from muscle movement and the passage of time. Two muscles are largely responsible for frown lines between the brows. When those muscles contract, they draw the brows together. As skin becomes less elastic over time, repeated frowning can result in those moderate to severe lines between your brows. BOTOX® works by blocking nerve impulses, which reduces the movement of those muscles. With less movement, the skin surface gradually smoothes out, and the moderate to severe frown lines between your brows begin to fade. A doctor skilled in the use of BOTOX® will inject little amounts of BOTOX® into the muscle. Only the `treated muscle can’t move. BOTOX® works for about four months. As the muscle returns to normal, you will see the wrinkle again.

 How is BOTOX® Tested for Potency?

                  The standard method for assessing the potency of BOTOX® is the LD50 Test. This test involves giving mice a single injection of the product into their abdominal cavity and seeing if they die within 3-4 days. The mice are first assigned to one of various dose groups. The aim of the test is to approximation the dose that kills 50% of the animals (hence the name “Lethal Dose 50%”). The LD value is designated as a unit (U) or a Mouse Unit (MU) of potency. The lower the LD50 value (or the U or MU), the higher the potency. Approximately 100 mice have conventionally been used to test each batch of botulinum toxins products, though Allergan has claimed that the company has significantly reduced this number.  Depending on the dose injected and the potency of the batch being assessed, the test animals experience differing levels of muscular paralysis and impaired vision. The end point of the LD50 Test is death, usually by suffocation after the respiratory muscle becomes paralyzed.

Background of hazardous bacterial toxin as a biological weapon

                                           The term “toxin” means the toxic material of plants, animals, microorganisms, viruses, fungi, or infectious substances, or a recombinant molecule, whatever its origin or method of production, including – (A) any poisonous substance or biological product that may be engineered as a result of biotechnology produced by a living organism; or (B) any poisonous isomer or biological product, homolog, or derivative of such a substance.

                       Over 60 years ago, botulinum toxin was first developed as a biological weapon; it can be aerosolised, or used to contaminate food, and the estimated lethal oral dose is 70 µg. Botulism is a rare paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BT), a protein produced by the soil anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Eight types of Cl. botulinum have been identified (Types A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, G) based on the immunological diversity in the toxins produced by them. The toxins are proteins with molecular weights of approximately 70,000 mgD. Botulinum toxin is the most poisonous substance known and the microorganism that manufactures it is relatively easy to isolate from nature and to culture. The only problem is making sure that oxygen is excluded from cultures. Despite its large size, the toxin molecule is stable enough to be dispersed as an aerosol. The toxin was considered for use as a major biological weapon by Britain and Japan during the 1930’s and there are suggestions that it was used by the Japanese to poison streams used as water sources by the Soviets. It has also been suggested that either the microorganism or the toxin were incorporated into grenades used in the assassination of the Reinhard Gehlen, Hitler’s likely successor and Reichsprotektor of Czechoslovakia.

                              A biological warfare attack with botulinum toxin delivered by aerosol will expected to cause symptoms similar in most respects to those observed with food-borne botulism. Commercially this organism attacked in canned food industry due to contamination. Proper sterilization will remove these organisms. In pure form, the toxin is a white crystalline substance, which is readily dissolvable in water, but decays rapidly in the open air. The lethal dose of toxin is very minute amount, for mice, its amount is 0.000,000,033 mg .The lethal dose of human being is probably 1-2 µg. It is a neurotoxin and acts gradually,
taking several hours to kill.

                         Naturally-occurring cases of botulism arise from food spoiling in the absence of oxygen in canned foods. The commonest source historically has been spoiled meat, notably sausage (the species name derives from the Latin botulus meaning “sausage”) and poultry (especially duck), and improperly sterilized canned foods.  The neurotoxin produced from Clostridium tetani (tetanus toxin)another bacteria from some genus is encountered by humans as a result of wounds and remains a serious public health problem in developing countries around the world.

How long does the effect last?

        BOTOX® can help by reducing the over activity of the muscles very quickly. In fact, most people begin to see results within the first two weeks. Generally, BOTOX® provides release of spasticity in the injected muscle for over three months (12-14 weeks). Then patients begin to notice a gradual fading of its effects over several weeks. At this point the doctor can give another treatment. BOTOX® treatment may be required three or four times a year. It is not given more frequently than every three months.

Side effects may include:

                                 All prescriptions may have some side effects. With BOTOX®, side effects are usually transient and mild to moderate in nature. Side effects are usually temporary, and BOTOX® is generally well tolerated. Mild bruising or swelling may occur at the site of the injection. The treatment may also cause a brief headache. In rare cases, the injections may cause the eyebrow or upper eyelid to droop, but this condition is temporary and corrects itself without treatment within 2 to 3 weeks. The effects of      BOTOX® may be increased with the use of certain antibiotics or other drugs that interfere with neuromuscular transmission. Ensure your doctor is aware of any current medications you are taking. If you have any questions regarding the use of BOTOX® treatment, please consult your doctor. Some side effects includes

• Droopy eyelids, which can last for a few weeks

• Feeling like you have the flu

• Headache and upset stomach

• Risk of botulism (a life or death illness that makes it hard for a person to move the arms and legs or to breathe) is low with BOTOX® if used the right way

                      Most patients experience minimal pain or discomfort following injections. Swelling and puffiness at the site of the injection usually subside within a few days. Care must be taken to keep the head upright and avoid massaging the treated area, so that the BOTOX® affects only the desired areas.

Who Markets BOTOX®?

BOTOX® is marketed by Allergan, Incorporated, which describes itself as “a global specialty pharmaceutical company that develops and commercializes innovative products for the eye care, neuromodulator, skin care and other specialty markets.” Allergan made over $1.2 billion dollars in net BOTOX® sales in 2007. 50% of that ($606 million) came from BOTOX® COSMETIC. Total yearly sales of BOTOX® increased 406% between 2000 and 2007. Net sales in 2007 for all Allergan products reached $3.88 billion, of which BOTOX® and BOTOX® COSMETIC accounted for 31%.

In order to learn more specifically about the product BOTOX® please visit the official Allergan site, where you can also find listings of private offices offering a variety of services to treat many aesthetic issues, such as wrinkle reduction. Most wrinkles may be treated with BOTOX® injections.

References:

1. Wang YC, Burr DH, Korthals GJ, Sugiyama H. Acute toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics as an aid in detecting botulism. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 48:951-955.

2. Allergan (ELN 1145) BOTOX® COSMETIC (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex(Glabellar Lines) Manufactured by: Allergan Pharmaceuticals (Ireland) Ltd. A subsidiary of: Allergan, Inc. 2525 Dupont Dr. Irvine, California 92612.

3. Bazbek Davletov, Mark Bajohrs  and Thomas Binz, Beyond BOTOX: advantages and limitations of individual botulinum neurotoxins, TRENDS in Neurosciences Vol.28 No.8 August 2005.

4. Harimuraleedharan , Book: Bioterrorism (Releasing book  review),Tamilnadu book house,Chapter:Biological agents/clostridium.

5. Teguh Thajeb, Yi-Min Chen, Dao-Fu Dai, Daniel Daile Thajeb, Peterus Thajeb Botulism: A Frequently Forgotten Old Malady, Review Article, International Journal of Gerontology | September 2007 | Vol 1 | No 3.

6. Lewis, C. (2002) Botox Cosmetic: A look at looking good. FDA Consumer Magazine July–August, 1–4 .

Guidelines for BOTOX® Reconstitution

1.

Using the reconstitution needle, draw up the proper amount of saline (see dilution table) in the appropriately sized sterile syringe. A 21-gauge, 1®-inch needle is recommended for reconstitution. Reconstituted BOTOX® neurotoxin should be clear, colorless, and free of particulate matter.

2.

Insert the needle at a 45º angle and slowly inject the saline into the BOTOX® vial. Vacuum is present in the vial, which demonstrates that the sterility of the vial is intact. Do not use the vial if the vacuum does not pull the saline into the vial.

3.

Release the vacuum by disconnecting the syringe from the needle and allowing air to flow into the vial. Gently mix BOTOX® neurotoxin with the saline by moving vial side-to-side or rotating the vial.

4.

Draw the fluid into the injection syringe by placing the needle into the bottom corner of the vial for full extraction. Do not completely invert the vial.

5.

Disconnect the injection syringe from the vial and attach an appropriate needle for injection. A 25-, 27-, or 30-gauge needle may be used for superficial muscles, and a longer 22-gauge needle may be used for deeper musculature.

Note: Because the product and diluent do not contain a preservative, use within 4 hours once opened and reconstituted. During the 4 hours, BOTOX® solution should be stored in a refrigerator at 2ºC to 8ºC.



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Botox: Anti Wrinkle Injections May Not Be All They’re Cracked Up To Be

Thursday, May 28th, 2009
Dylan recently asked:


Beautyblogtalk.com’s expansive collection of reviews features even more facts on Botox.

Find a detailed review of Botox at Beautifulreview.com, a highly informative skin care product review site.







Review Summary

Botox™ is safe to use with other topically applied beauty products such as creams sold over the counter. Botox™, however, is available only through a qualified physician. The makers of this product have compiled a network of recommended physicians available to provide services through the manufacturer’s website. Millions of men and women have received the Botox™ treatment and report a high level of success.

Ingredients at a Glance

Botox™ uses only one ingredient, a purified protein known as Clostridium botulinum bacterium.

Ingredients in Focus

This sole ingredient in the Botox™ allows the signs of aging to disappear for up to 4 months by minimizing the movement of certain muscles in the face. According to the maker of the product users still have a full range of motion to make normal ****** expressions, although sometimes use of the product is quite evident. Instead, it limits the movement of muscles responsible for making the face look wrinkled. The manufacturer claims that the product works quickly so one doesn’t have to wait months to see results. The results may appear as quickly as in a few days. The product has treated millions of patients and resulted in few complaints compared to the many success stories.

Positives

Botox™ has a high rate of success. This product is safely administered by a medical doctor.



Negatives

Botox™ has no guarantees. Botox™ avoids using or promoting products with ingredients such as Matrixyl 3000. This product is temporary regardless of how many treatments one receives over time. Botox™ may require paying a physician out of pocket, since it’s not a medical expense per se.



Final Thoughts


Botox™ works very well for many patients. It requires a simple procedure which includes injection into the ****** region. Some may feel discomfort or be afraid of needles, but at this time there are no alternative means of treatment. The manufacturer doesn’t list the price of the product since it’s administered through independent physicians the price may vary, but you may expect it to be pricey. There do not appear to be any common side effects. Since the product is administered by a physician it provides an opportunity for one to inquire about any concerns prior to treatment.



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Botox Injections: How to Get a Face Lift Without Surgery

Wednesday, April 22nd, 2009
Lin Parker recently asked:


Thinking about a face lift? There are many alternative treatments to cosmetic surgery, which give a non-surgical face lift, reduce wrinkles and help you look 10 years younger. In the last few years, Botox has become a very popular treatment. There is a long history of safe, effective use of Botox to treat muscular problems, and now it is used to remove lines and wrinkles on the face caused by daily muscle contraction of your natural ****** expressions.

How Does Botox Work? Botox (Botulinum Toxin) prevents muscles from contracting. When injected into the face, it relaxes the muscles and therefore removes ****** lines and wrinkles caused by muscle contraction. It is a temporary anti ageing treatment, lasting for several months. The effects of botox can make you look years younger, and boost your self confidence and self esteem.Which areas of the Face can be Treated with Botox? Lines on the face caused by muscle contraction can be treated by Botox. Lines on the forehead, frown lines at the bridge of the nose (glabella lines), eye wrinkles and crows feet (laughter lines) can all be treated with Botox.

When Will I See Results After a Botox Treatment? The full effects of Botox injections can be seen in 5-7 days. Results may vary on individuals, depending on the severity of wrinkles and the strength of muscles treated.

What are the Side Effects of Botox Injections? Bruising can occur around the injection site, and occasionally if a blood vessel is damaged, a patient may get “black eye” bruising. The use of an ice pack before and after botox injections will minimise any bruising. Occasionally, a temporary drooping of the eyelid may occur. The risks of this can be minimised if injections to the forehead are limited to the upper and central areas of the forehead. This also has a beneficial effect of lifting the eyebrows, which improves the appearance of the upper eyelids and reduces any drooping skin around the upper eyes, giving a more youthful, wider eyed look.

If you are considering Botox injections in order to look your best for a special event, it is recommended that you have your Botox treatment at least 7 days before the event, to allow for the full effects of botox and to allow for any bruising to fade away. Any injection carries a small risk of infection, so Botox treatments are not recommended if you are pregnant or ****** feeding.

How Many Botox Treatments are Required? Botox injections should be repeated every 3-4 months. Patients who have had Botox treatments over 12 months may only require further treatments every 6 months.

Where Can I Get Botox Injections? There are many clinics and beauty salons offering botox treatments. Many beauty salons have a visiting doctor who carries out the injections, so the treatments may only be available on a limited number of days for a particular beauty salon. If you live in a well populated area, you should be able to get botox treatments without travelling too far from home. An internet search for “botox” and the name of your town should help you find a local clinic or beauty salon which offers the service.



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